Theses and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11837/174

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Browsing Theses and Dissertations by Author "Mngqi, Sinethemba Census"

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    Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae as a protein source on growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of broiler chickens.
    (University of Fort Hare, 2016) Mngqi, Sinethemba Census; Muchenje, V.
    This study was conducted to assess the effect of including Tenebrio molitor larvae (T. molitor L) as a protein source in different diets on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. A total of 144 day-old Cobb-500 chicks were randomly allocated into three treatment groups, each was allocated 16 birds and reared in 9 identical pens. Experimental diets used were as follows: T1 Control (no T. molitor L inclusion); T2 and T3 contained levels of T. molitor L at 5% and 10% of dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. Body weights (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured for the 1st experimental chapter. For the second experimental chapter; live weights (LW) of broilers were recorded before slaughter and thereafter carcass weights (CW), meat yield (weights of breast, thigh, drumstick and wing) were recorded. The dressing percentage (DP %) was also calculated. Breast muscles were sampled for meat pH and colour measurements. The LW of birds from T1 (0% T. molitor L) were significantly different (P<0.05) from both T2 (5% T. molitor L) and T3 (10% T. molitor L) which were similar to each other, with T2 exhibiting the highest live weights (2166g) and the control treatment exhibiting the lowest live weights (2018.3g). In CW, T1 was significantly different (P<0.05) from T2 while it was similar (P>0.05) to T3. The dressing % of T1 was significantly different (P<0.05) from T2 and T3 which were similar to each other, with T2 having the highest dressing percentage (78, 2%) and T1 having the lowest DP% (66%). The breasts in T2 were significantly higher and different (P<0.05) from both T1 and T3 which were similar to each other. The drumsticks in T3 were significantly different (P<0.05) from T1 while they were similar to T2 with values with T2 having highest values. After 45 minutes of slaughter, a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in L⃰ among all treatments. In redness (a⃰), T3 was significantly different from T1 but was similar to T2 and all treatments in this study exhibited a darker red meat, with T3 muscles exhibiting darker red colour than the other treatments. Similar results were observed in yellowness (b⃰), where the breast muscles from T3 were more yellow than the other treatments. After 24 hours of slaughter, T2 L⃰ values were significantly different (P<0.05) from both T1 and T3 which were similar to each other. It was also found that the broiler chickens given diet with no T. molitor L inclusion (T1) had lower values of BW, FI, ADG and FCR throughout the experiment than those that were in T2 and T3 with 5% and 10 % T. molitor L inclusion levels, respectively. However, it was also found that although broilers with 5% T. molitor L inclusion (T2) in their diet had high ABW and ADG than the broilers with 10% T. molitor L inclusion (T3), the T3 birds compared favourably to T2 birds as they required low feed intake to reach the same slaughter weight due to high FCR. It was, therefore, concluded that T. molitor L meal can be incorporated into the diets of broilers to produce heavy birds either at 5 or 10%. However, although 5% T. molitor L inclusion yields heavier carcasses, the 10% T. molitor L inclusion compared favourably to 5% inclusion since it required low feed intake to reach the same slaughter weights and there were slight differences on meat quality attributes between the two treatments.Thus T. molitor L at 10% inclusion levels was the best inclusion level to enhance broiler growth performance, carcass yield, meat yield and meat quality.