Middle-out ecology: small carnivores as sentinels of global change

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dc.contributor.authorDo Linh San.
dc.contributor.authorMarneweck C.
dc.contributor.authorAllen B.
dc.contributor.authorToowoomba Q.
dc.contributor.authorButler A.
dc.contributor.authorHarris S.
dc.contributor.authorJensen A.
dc.contributor.authorSaldo E.
dc.contributor.authorSomers M.
dc.contributor.authorTitus K.
dc.contributor.authorMuthersbaugh M.
dc.contributor.authorAshoka A.
dc.contributor.authorJachowski D.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-29T01:15:43Z
dc.date.available2026-03-29T01:15:43Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-28
dc.description.abstractSpecies that respond to ecosystem change in a timely, measurable, and interpretable way can be used as sentinels of global change. Contrary to a pervasive view, we suggest that, among Carnivora, small carnivores are more appropriate sentinels than large carnivores. This reasoning is built around six key points: that, compared to large carnivores, small carnivores 1) are more species-rich and diverse, providing more potential sentinels in many systems; 2) occupy a wider range of ecological niches, exhibiting a greater variety of sensitivities to change; 3) hold an intermediate trophic position that is more directly affected by changes at the producer, primary consumer, and tertiary consumer levels; 4) have shorter life spans and higher reproductive rates, exhibiting more rapid responses to change; 5) have smaller home ranges and are more abundant, making it easier to investigate fine-scale management interventions; 6) are easier to monitor, manage, and manipulate. Therefore, we advocate for incorporatinga middle-out approach, in addition to the established top-down and bottom-up approaches, to assessing the responses of ecosystems to global change.
dc.identifier.citationDo Linh San; Marneweck C; Allen B; Toowoomba Q; Butler A.; Harris S; Jensen A.; Saldo E; Somers M; Titus K; Muthersbaugh M; Ashoka A; Jachowski D (2021): Middle-out ecology: small carnivores as sentinels of global change: Mammal Review,2022,52. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12300
dc.identifier.issn0305-1838
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11837/3920
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.subjectCarnivora
dc.subjectchange
dc.subjectglobal
dc.subjectindicator
dc.subjectmesocarnivore
dc.subjectsentinel
dc.subjectsmall carnivore
dc.titleMiddle-out ecology: small carnivores as sentinels of global change
dc.typeArticle
person.identifier.orcidDo Linh San. 0000-0002-6513-5665

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