Bone, liver and muscle mineral composition of Bontebok, Blesbok and Impala species harvested from different regions
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Date
2021
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Publisher
University of Fort Hare
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the mineral concentration of different game species, harvested in different regions. Bone, liver and muscle (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) mineral composition of game animals (bontebok, Damaliscus pygargus pygargus; blesbok, Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi; and impala, Aepyceros melampus) were investigated. The muscle of all three animals were also analysed for their proximate (moisture, protein, lipid, ash) chemical composition. Impala animals were harvested in three different production systems (intensive, semi-extensive and extensive production systems) and in different regions (Castle de Wildt in Limpopo, South Africa; Mount Etjo in Otjozondjupa, Namibia; and Bredasdorp in Western Cape, South Africa) whilst bontebok and blesbok were harvested in the Western Cape from two different extensive farms. The proximate results for all species ranged between 73.68 – 75.72% moisture, 21.41 – 24.15% protein, 1.44 – 2.38% fat and 1.14 – 1.35% ash.
The mineral results showed significant concentrations of Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Vanadium (V), Antimony (Sb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Lead (Pb), and Silicon (Si) micro minerals in the rib of all three (bontebok, blesbok, and impala) species. Whilst the liver had high concentrations of Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), Molybdenum (Mo), and Mercury (Hg) for all species. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations differed in species and animal samples. Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) were high in concentrations for all bontebok animal samples and were very low in the blesbok animal samples. However, impala had high levels of Fe and Zn in the rib. The results also showed that mineral concentrations differed in impala harvested in different production systems. Extensively reared impala from the Western Cape had high concentrations of Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Hg, and Si, whereas impala from an extensive system in Namibia had high concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Mn, As, Mo, Hg, and Pb. Impala reared under intensive conditions from Limpopo had high concentrations of V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, and Ba, whereas the semiextensively reared impala from Limpopo had high concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Ba. The macro minerals from impala from Namibia were found to be very low concentrations as compared to those from Limpopo and the Western Cape. It can therefore, region/production system type does have an effect on the concentration of minerals in these animal samples.
Description
Masters dissertation
Keywords
Parasites, Animals -- Diseases, Virus diseases, Bacterial diseases
Citation
Mpangele, P. (2021) Bone, liver and muscle mineral composition of Bontebok, Blesbok and Impala species harvested from different regions. MSc Agriculture (Animal Science) dissertation. Alice, South Africa: University of Fort Hare.