Antibacterial Activity of Metallic Nanoparticles against MultidrugResistant Pathogens Isolated from Environmental Samples: Nanoparticles/Antibiotic Combination Therapy and Cytotoxicity Study

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dc.contributor.authorAdeniji, Oluwaseun Ola 0000-0003-4022-8109
dc.contributor.authorOjemaye, Mike Onyewelehi 0000-0002-4038-7639
dc.contributor.authorOkoh, Anthony Ifeanyi 0000-0002-9770-085X
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-10T20:54:08Z
dc.date.available2026-02-10T20:54:08Z
dc.date.issued2022-09-26
dc.description.abstractMultidrug-resistant organisms have increased the prevalence of infectious diseases and have become the leading source of death globally. The adverse effects associated with conventional antibiotics cannot be underestimated, and as a result, the quest for antibacterial agents has received great attention over the years. Therefore, the current research was designed to synthesize and examine the antibacterial properties of two metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), as well as their antibiotic combination therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. AgNPs and ZnONPs were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and characterized. Thereafter, their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria was investigated using the microdilution technique. Subsequently, the interactions between the synthesized nanoparticles and antibiotics were evaluated by checkerboard assay. Time-kill assays were carried out to assess bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects, and the cytotoxicity study was carried out by MTT assay. The SEM analysis of AgNPs and ZnONPs were spherical with an average size of 21.03 and 43.37 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis showed the characteristics of the metal−oxygen vibrational band for both materials around 450 cm−1 , which indicated the successful synthesis of these antibacterial agents. The EDX characterization revealed Zn and O with 77.89% and 18.24% abundance in ZnONPs and Ag with 95.65% abundance in AgNPs. UV−vis absorption spectra of AgNPs was obtained around 400 nm. ZnONPs showed a moderate antibacterial effect against Enterococcus species with a MIC range of 2.5−5 mg/mL, while AgNPs demonstrated a strong antibacterial effect against the tested bacterial strains with a MIC range of 0.078−0.039 mg/mL. The ZnONPs were found to be cytotoxic against Vero cell lines at the tested concentrations, whereas AgNPs had no cytotoxic effect at lower concentrations. Their combination activities showed synergetic and additive effects. These findings revealed that these synthesized materials could serve as alternate antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni and Enterococcus species.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors appreciate the South African Medical Research Council for funding this research.
dc.identifier.citationAdeniji O; Ojemaye O; Okoh A (2022): Antibacterial Activity of Metallic Nanoparticles against MultidrugResistant Pathogens Isolated from Environmental Samples: Nanoparticles/Antibiotic Combination Therapy and Cytotoxicity Study: ACS Applied Bio Materials, 5. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.2c00527
dc.identifier.issn2576-6422
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11837/3679
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Society
dc.subjectrate of kill
dc.subjectsynergistic effect
dc.subjectenterococci
dc.subjectAcinetobacter baumanni
dc.subjectVero cell lines
dc.subjectdrug resistance
dc.titleAntibacterial Activity of Metallic Nanoparticles against MultidrugResistant Pathogens Isolated from Environmental Samples: Nanoparticles/Antibiotic Combination Therapy and Cytotoxicity Study
dc.typeArticle

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