Comparative in-vitro activities of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and the new fluoroquinolones against confirmed extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape environment

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dc.contributor.advisorOkoh, Anthony Ien
dc.contributor.advisorClarke, Aen
dc.contributor.authorAdeyemi, Oluwatosin Oluwakemien
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-12T23:25:37Z
dc.date.available2026-08-12T23:25:37Z
dc.date.issued2012en
dc.description.abstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly emerging as an opportunistic pathogen of global concern. Due to its inherent resistance to several classes of antibiotics including carbapenems and its ability to acquire mobile resistance elements, treatment of infections caused by S. maltophilia is a constant challenge for clinicians. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the generally accepted antibiotic of choice for the treatment of infections caused by this organism, but resistance to the drug is increasingly being reported; hence, the need for alternative therapeutic options. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 110 commensal S. maltophilia isolates obtained from Nkonkobe municipality, Eastern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa was investigated. Twenty-one antibiotics including TMP-SMX and the newer fluoroquinolones; levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were included in the antibiotic panel. About 63.4 percent of the isolates were susceptible to TMP-SMX with a resistance rate of 28.2 percent. The fluoroquinolones were more effective with susceptibilities ranging from 76 percent to 94.7 percent. Resistance to the fluoroquinolones ranged from 1.3 percent to 2.7 percent. Levofloxacin was the most effective fluoroquinolone tested. Phenotypic dectection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) showed double disc synergy test (DDST) positivity in 59.5 percent of the isolates. Cefepime was the most sensitive indicator cephalosporin in the DDST with 77.3 percent of suspected ESBL-producing isolates showing cefepime-clavulanic acid synergy. Isolates exhibited nine different ESBL phenotypes, however, PCR amplification of the bla genes revealed four isolates that possessed genes belonging to the CTX-M group (CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-8 groups). ESBL genes are usually carried on mobile elements such as plasmids and transposons which may also bear genes that mediate resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, TMP-SMX and fluoroquinolones. ESBL positive isolates appeared more susceptible to the fluoroquinolones compared to TMP-SMX but there was no significant relationship between ESBL production and susceptibility to these drugs (p > 0.05). The newer fluoroquinolones are a possible alternative treatment option for S. maltophilia infections in this environment but further studies and clinical investigations are needed to determine the in vivo efficacy of these drugs.en
dc.format108 leaves; 30 cmen
dc.formatpdfen
dc.identifier.citationAdeyemi, Oluwatosin Oluwakemi. 2012en
dc.identifier.othervital:11275en
dc.identifier.otherhttp://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007576en
dc.identifier.otherAntibioticsen
dc.identifier.otherMicrobial sensitivity testsen
dc.identifier.otherDrug resistance in microorganismsen
dc.identifier.otherPathogenic microorganismsen
dc.identifier.otherGram-negative bacterial infectionsen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11837/4536
dc.language.isoEnglishen
dc.publisherUniversity of Fort Hareen
dc.publisherFaculty of Science & Agricultureen
dc.rightsUniversity of Fort Hareen
dc.subjectAntibioticsen
dc.subjectMicrobial sensitivity testsen
dc.subjectDrug resistance in microorganismsen
dc.subjectPathogenic microorganismsen
dc.subjectGram-negative bacterial infectionsen
dc.titleComparative in-vitro activities of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and the new fluoroquinolones against confirmed extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape environmenten
dc.title.alternativeComparative in-vitro activities of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and the new fluoroquinolones against confirmed extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape environmenten
dc.typeThesisen
dc.typeMastersen
dc.typeMSc (Microbiology)en

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