The rise and fall of the black commercial middle class in Mdantsane.
| dc.contributor.author | Rubushe, Ondluhlanga | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-08-05T10:50:48Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-08-05T10:50:48Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
| dc.description | Masters Theses | |
| dc.description.abstract | This study contributes to our understanding of South Africa's historical Black Commercial middle class; a class defined by access to business opportunities before the implementation of the homeland system and enhanced by the government support during the homeland system. The class under study is a particular Black Commercial middle class that rose and established itself in Mdantsane between 1967, when Mdantsane was established, and fell and disappeared post 1994. Post 1994 marks the time for a new political dispensation in South Africa; a period that allowed the presence of foreign nationals in the South African township economies. The study explores the origins and historical evolution of African entrepreneurship in Mdantsane Township, East London, South Africa. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Rubushe,O.The rise and fall of the black commercial middle class in Mdantsane.Alice.University of Fort Hare. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11837/3039 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | University of Fort Hare | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | N/A | |
| dc.subject | African | |
| dc.subject | commercial | |
| dc.title | The rise and fall of the black commercial middle class in Mdantsane. | |
| dc.type | Thesis |
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