Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity of Garcinia Kola (Heckel) seeds on selected bacterial pathogens

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dc.contributor.advisorNdip, R Nen
dc.contributor.authorSeanego, Christinah Tshephishoen
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-12T23:25:35Z
dc.date.available2026-08-12T23:25:35Z
dc.date.issued2012en
dc.description.abstractGarcinia kola is one of the plants used in folklore remedies for the treatment of microbial infections. Bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics has necessitated the search for newer and alternative compounds for the treatment of drug resistant microbial infections. This study focuses on the bioactivity of G. kola seeds on Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 49399), Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Plesiomonas Shigelloides (ATCC 51903) and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 13311), organisms which can cause illnesses from mild to severe with potentially fatal outcomes. The crude ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts were screened by agar-well diffusion method and the activities of the extract were further determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The inhibition zones ranged from 0 - 24 mm, while MIC and MBC of the extract ranged between 0.04 - 1.25 mg/mL and 0.081 - 2.5 mg/mL respectively. Chloroform/ Ethyl Acetate/ Formic acid (CEF) solvent system separated more active compounds followed by Ethyl Acetate/ Methanol/ Water (EMW) and Benzene/ Ethanol/ Ammonium Hydroxide (BEA). The extracts were fractionated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Bioautography was used to assess the activity of the possible classes of compounds present in the more active extracts. Column chromatography was used to purify the active compounds from the mixture while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the phyto components of the fractions. The MIC of the fractions ranged between 0.0006 - 2.5 mg/mL. CEF 3 (F3), CEF 11 (F11) and CEF 12 (F12) revealed the presence of high levels fatty acids Linoleic acid, 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2, 3-Dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, respectively. The results obtained from this study justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and provide leads which could be further exploited for the development of new and potent antimicrobials.en
dc.format95 leaves; 30 cmen
dc.formatpdfen
dc.identifier.citationSeanego, Christinah Tshephisho. 2012en
dc.identifier.othervital:11259en
dc.identifier.otherhttp://hdl.handle.net/10353/420en
dc.identifier.otherDrug resistance in microorganismsen
dc.identifier.otherGarciniaen
dc.identifier.otherAntibioticsen
dc.identifier.otherMedicinal plantsen
dc.identifier.otherMicrobial sensitivity testsen
dc.identifier.otherStreptococcal infectionsen
dc.identifier.otherStreptococcusen
dc.identifier.otherStaphylococcus aureus infectionsen
dc.identifier.otherSalmonella typhimuriumen
dc.identifier.otherTraditional medicineen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11837/4520
dc.language.isoEnglishen
dc.publisherUniversity of Fort Hareen
dc.publisherFaculty of Science & Agricultureen
dc.rightsUniversity of Fort Hareen
dc.subjectDrug resistance in microorganismsen
dc.subjectGarciniaen
dc.subjectAntibioticsen
dc.subjectMedicinal plantsen
dc.subjectMicrobial sensitivity testsen
dc.subjectStreptococcal infectionsen
dc.subjectStreptococcusen
dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureus infectionsen
dc.subjectSalmonella typhimuriumen
dc.subjectTraditional medicineen
dc.titlePhytochemical analysis and bioactivity of Garcinia Kola (Heckel) seeds on selected bacterial pathogensen
dc.title.alternativePhytochemical analysis and bioactivity of Garcinia Kola (Heckel) seeds on selected bacterial pathogensen
dc.typeThesisen
dc.typeMastersen
dc.typeMSc (Microbiology)en

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