Browsing by Author "Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi Festus"
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Item Assessment of the adaptation of Nguni goats to water stress(Elsevier, 2023-07-11) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi Festus; Mpendulo, C.T.; Ayoola, M.O.The recurring drought and limited rainfall patterns occasioned primarily by climate change in subSaharan African countries threaten sustainable animal agriculture. The irreversibility of this natural phenomenon calls for an intensive and urgent selection of adaptable breeds that can cope but with minimal compromise on production indices. A water scarcity simulation study was conducted to assess the adaptation potential of Nguni goats to regulated watering by evaluating their growth performance, tolerance to heat and water stress and blood indices during the dry summer months. Eighteen growing Nguni goats (average age: 1 year; BW: 19.25 ± 1.6 kg) were assigned equally to three treatments: W0, without water restriction (WR); W70, WR of 70% ad libitum water intake (WI); and W50, WR of 50% ad libitum WI. The experimental trial lasted for 75 d following a 14-day acclimatisation to the housing condition. Data on growth performance, body thermal gradient, skin temperature (ST) and rectal temperatures, respiratory rate (RR), body condition scores (BCs), linear body indices and blood biochemical indices were taken. The results showed that the final BW was not affected (P > 0.05) by the water restriction levels. The daily gain, DM intake and total BW gain were similar (P > 0.05) in groups W70 and W50. Body thermal gradient and ST were not affected (P > 0.05). The RR and BCs decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing water restriction levels. The body and rump lengths and sternum height were similar (P > 0.05) for groups W70 and W50. There is an haemocentration (W0 < W70 < W50; P < 0.05) of sodium, Chloride, urea, creatinine, total protein, and cholesterol with water restriction levels. Generally, most physiological variables assayed were similar (P > 0.05) in the water-stressed groups (W70 and W50). Overall, Nguni goats showed an adaptive capacity to tolerate limited water intake.Item EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS ON CHEMICAL AND NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF BAMBOO (Bambusae arundinacea) LEAVES(Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2021-08-13) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi FestusDue to their abundant macro and micronutrients, some leaves hold a lot of promise as potential forage plants for livestock. However, a major limitation is the high content of anti-nutritional factors that combine with nutrients and reduce their bioavailability. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of processing on the chemical and nutrient composition of bamboo leaves. The leaves were subjected to four different physical processing methods; T1 (control, air drying), T2 (fermenting in an airtight bag for five days), T3 (soaking in ordinary water for 24 h), and T4 (soaking in warmwater at 50 oC for 20 min). Fresh samples of the leaf were also analyzed on a wet basis (T5). Samples from respective treatment groups were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral constituents, anti-nutritional factors, vitamin C, flavonoids and antioxidant activities following standard procedures. The values obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance using the generalized linear model of SAS. Although there was no significant effect of processing on ether extract and crude fiber, the crude protein content was significantly higher (P≤0.05) for T3 and T4. The ash content was lowest (P≤0.05) in T3 compared to other treatment groups. The fiber fractions (acid detergent lignin, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose) were highest (P≤0.05) in T1 than other treatment groups. T1 had the lowest (P≤0.05) for phosphorous and potassium. However, T2, T3 and T4 had similar (P>0.05) phosphorous and sodiumcompositions. The processing effect was not significant (P>0.05) on vitamin C, alkaloids, saponins, and tannin. However, the phytate was highest (P≤0.05) in T1. The physical processing of bamboo leaves lowers the antinutrient appreciably without adversely affecting the proximate composition. Further, the high nutrient composition of bamboo leaves, irrespective of processing methods, attests to its potential as an important forage plant.Item Effect of sodium levels on growth performance, haematological indices and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail in a humid tropical environment(ReseachersLinks, 2024-10-07) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi Festus; Ikusika, Olusegun O.; Mpendulo, Conference T.Electrolytes, including sodium, are required for optimum performance, and their imbalance can generate acidosis or alkalosis, thus making the metabolic pathways in the animal organism inefficient. This research aimed to evaluate the optimum sodium requirements for growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Two hundred growing quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates, with eight birds each. The treatment consisted of a basal diet (control) containing 0.101% of Na in the diet. In the remaining treatment groups, sodium carbonate was supplemented to reach levels of 0.144, 0.187, 0.231, and 0.274% of Na. After the 20-d of the feeding trial, data obtained on growth performance (final weight (FW), total weight gain (TWG), total feed intake (TFI), nutrients intake), selected blood indices (packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), differential counts (lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils) and carcass characteristics (dressing %, eviscerated weight, drumstick, chest, back) were taken and subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, v 26) software. TWG, TFI, AFI, Total protein and energy intake were highest (P<0.05) at 0.187%, and the FW was lowest (P<0.05) at 0.101% of Na in the diet, respectively. Similar (P>0.05) RBC, heterophil and monocytes were recorded for dietary Na supplementation range of 0.144% to 0.274%. Dietary Na supplementation of either 0144% or 0.187% produced the highest (P<0.05) eviscerated weight, chest and back were highest (P<0.05). The relative organs’ (liver, heart, gizzard and neck) weights were similar (P>0.05) irrespective of dietary Na supplementation. In conclusion, the performance of the Japanese quail from 22 to 42 days appears to be at an optimum range of 0.187% to 0.231% for dietary Na supplementation.Item Energy manipulation of isonitrogenous diets for broiler chickens(South African Society for Animal Science, 2021-01-06) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi Festus; Falowo,A.B.A total of 378 unsexed Anak broiler chicks were used to assess the effects of varying energy levels and manipulation on growth, haematology, and carcass traits. The experiment was conducted in two phases. First, one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to one of three starter diets, which differed in their energy density (LSE: 2786.80 Kcal/kg; OSE: 3015.40 Kcal/kg; and HSE: 3252.20 Kcal/kg). The chicks were assigned to seven replicates per treatment with 18 chicks per replicate. When the chicks were 27 days old, they were randomly re-allocated to three finisher diets (LFE: 2770.66 Kcal/kg, OFE: 2961.74 Kcal/kg, and HFE: 3150.43 Kcal/kg). Thus, there were seven replicates of nine treatments with six chicks per replicate in the finishing phase. The starter and finisher diets were isonitrogenous. Birds fed the OSE and HSE starter diets gained more weight and were heavier at 27 days than birds fed LSE. Energy intake by birds fed HSE was greater than by birds fed OSE, and birds fed OSE had greater energy intake than birds fed LSE. Feed conversion ratio was improved for birds fed OSE and HSE. Birds fed LSE and then HFE consumed the least feed and gained as much or more weight during the finisher phase as any other group. Overall, FCR between days 27 and 50 tended to differ among the treatments (P =0.06). Total protein intake increased with decreasing dietary energy in both phases. Varying dietary energy levels did not affect the haematological parameters, carcass traits and internal organ weights.Item Fatty acid profile, oxidative stability of lipids and sensory attributes of water restricted Xhosa goat meat supplemented with vitamin C(CSIRO Publishing, 2021-09-21) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi Festus; Fon, F. N.; Mpendulo, C. T. ; Hugo, A. ; Falowo, A. B.; Nantapo, C. T. W.Context. Water scarcity often accompanied by limited water intake (WI) in livestock may result in pre-slaughter stress, thereby affecting meat quality parameters. Aims. This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C (VC) supplementations on fatty acid (FA), lipids oxidation and sensory attributes of Longissimus lumborum muscles of Xhosa goats subjected to different watering regimen. Methods. In total, 42 goats were randomly assigned into seven treatments: without water restriction, WR (W0, control); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI (W70); WR of 50% ad libitum WI (W50); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI + 3 g VC daily (W70+); WR of 50% of ad libitum WI intake + 3 g VC daily (W50+); WR of 70% of ad libitum WI + 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every 8 days (W70++); WR of 50% of ad libitum WI + 3 g VC and extra 5 g VC given every 8 days (W50++). The goats were fed for 75 days and killed following standard procedures. Bodyweight changes, thaw loss, ultimate pH (pHu), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), moisture and fat content, sensory attributes and FA profile of the meat were evaluated. Key results. Results indicated that the decreased final weight in the untreated groups (W70 and W50) was reduced (P > 0.05) in the treated groups (W70+, W50+, W70++, W50++). The treatment effect was not significant (P > 0.05) on pHu, thaw loss and TBARS values. The moisture and fat content in the water-restricted groups were lower (P < 0.05) than in W0. The meat sensory appearance was affected (P < 0.05) by WR. Regardless of VC concentration, vaccenic and docosahexaenoic acid increased (P < 0.05), while linolenic acid decreased as the WR levels increased. Conclusions. WR of 70% and 50% of ad libitum WI, with or without VC, did not negatively affect the meat’s lipid oxidation and FA profile. Implications. Limited WI reduces body weight. However, a daily dose of VC could help reduce body weight loss during water scarcity.Item Perception of resource-limited livestock farmers on adaptation management strategies in drought-prone rural areas in eastern cape province, south africa(2024) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi Festus; Ntonga, S.; Mpetile, Z.; Ikusika, O. O.; Mpendulo, C. T.Item Stress amelioration potential of vitamin C in ruminants: a review(Springer, 2021-12-27) Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi FestusRuminants, as well as other livestock, can synthesize vitamin C (VC) in their liver, and therefore, dietary requirements from exogenous supplementation are often ignored. However, metabolic demand may be exceeded, leading to a decreased endogenous synthetic capacity of VC following exposure to stressful conditions. Such conditions include high thermal load, limited water intake (induced by water scarcity), physiological status and infectious diseases. The obvious consequences are decreased performance, susceptibility to infections and increased mortality. This review discusses the potential role of vitamin C in ruminants’ stress management and summarizes the in vitro and in vivo research to date. The different administration routes, comparative advantages and supplementation outcomes on growth, production parameters and physiological status were also identified. Also, areas where there was a lack of evidence or controversy, including critical literature research gaps, were identified, while the mechanism of VC’s actions on significant outcomes was explained.